Sains Malaysiana 52(12)(2023): 3421-3435

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5212-06

Physicochemical Properties of Raw Cleaned Edible Bird’s Nest after Different Primary Processing Including a New Cleaning Method

(Sifat Fizikokimia Sarang Burung Boleh Dimakan Mentah yang Dibersihkan Selepas Pemprosesan Utama Berbeza Termasuk Kaedah Pembersihan Baharu)

BEE-HUI YEO¹, YAYA RUKAYADI¹, SHEW-FUNG WONG², CHIN-PING TAN³ & OI-MING LAI^1,4,*

¹Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 28 May 2023/Accepted: 17 November 2023

Abstract

Primary processing is the cleaning process of raw uncleaned (RUC) edible bird's nest (EBN) into raw clean (RC) bird's nest. In this study, three primary processing methods were used, including two methods commonly used in industry (semi-dry and wet methods) and a newly proposed method (semi-wet method). EBNs before and after primary processing were characterised by structural and chemical analysis. The RC EBN samples after initial processing were divided into two categories, with moulding (cup-shaped) and un-shaped. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EDX) was used to study the morphology and element composition of EBN samples. The EBN sample were also tested on their colour, moisture content, water activity, nitrite content, nitrate content, total sialic acid content, total glycoprotein content, and total polysaccharide content. The semi-wet method yielded > 75% cup- shaped RC EBN for six different batches of RUC EBN, outperforming wet cleaning method (68.76 - 82.92%). Micrographs showed structural similarity between RC EBN samples even with different cleaning methods; but showed structural difference between RUC and RC EBN samples. Elements Na and Cl were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in RUC EBN. After cleaning, RC EBNs showed nitrite reduction at 34.78 - 60.72%; and nitrate reduction at 33.62 - 72.35%, respectively. No reduction of antioxidant activity, total sialic acid content, total glycoprotein content and total polysaccharide were observed for EBNs after primary processing. The nitrate and glycoprotein contents in EBNs after moulding were lower than those before moulding.

Keywords: Edible bird’s nest; glycoprotein; primary processing; sialic acid

Abstrak

Pemprosesan primer ialah proses pembersihan sarang burung walit (EBN) mentah (RUC) kepada sarang burung walit mentah bersih (RC). Dalam kajian ini, tiga kaedah pemprosesan utama telah digunakan, termasuk dua kaedah yang biasa digunakan dalam industri (kaedah separa kering dan basah) dan kaedah yang baharu dicadangkan (kaedah separa basah). EBN sebelum dan selepas pemprosesan utama dicirikan oleh analisis struktur dan kimia. Sampel RC EBN selepas pemprosesan primer dibahagikan kepada dua kategori dengan pengacuan (berbentuk cawan) dan tidak berbentuk. Mikroskop elektron pengimbas - X-ray Penyerakan Tenaga Microanalisis (SEM-EDX) digunakan untuk mengkaji morfologi dan komposisi unsur sampel EBN. Sampel EBN juga diuji warna, kandungan lembapan, aktiviti air, kandungan nitrit, kandungan nitrat, jumlah kandungan asid sialik, jumlah kandungan glikoprotein dan jumlah kandungan polisakaridanya. Kaedah separa basah menghasilkan > 75% RC EBN berbentuk cawan untuk enam kelompok RUC EBN yang berbeza, mengatasi kaedah pembersihan basah (68.76 - 82.92%). Mikrograf menunjukkan persamaan struktur antara sampel RC EBN walaupun dengan kaedah pembersihan yang berbeza; tetapi menunjukkan perbezaan struktur antara sampel RUC dan RC EBN. Unsur Na dan Cl adalah ketara (P <0.05) tertinggi dalam RUC EBN. Selepas pembersihan, RC EBN telah menunjukkan pengurangan nitrit pada 34.78 - 60.72%; dan pengurangan nitrat pada 33.62 - 72.35%. Tiada pengurangan aktiviti antioksidan, jumlah kandungan asid sialik, jumlah kandungan glikoprotein dan jumlah polisakarida diperhatikan di EBN selepas pemprosesan primer. Kandungan nitrat dan glikoprotein dalam EBN selepas pengacuan adalah lebih rendah daripada sebelum pengacuan.

Kata kunci: Asid sialik; glikoprotein; pemprosesan primer; sarang burung walit

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*Corresponding author; email: omlai@upm.edu.my